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Dynamics

Piano (p)

Play softly, one level above pianissimo.

See it in the score

p at the Minuet's returning phrase

The softer return contrasts with the earlier forte without changing the dance pulse.

Open measure 25 in the piece
p at the Minuet's returning phrase From Minuet in G Major by J.S. Bach (attrib.; BWV Anh. 114, likely Christian Petzold), source measure 25.

Passage playback follows the literal encoded notes, rhythm, tempo, and written directions in this excerpt. It is a study aid, not a model of a pianist's touch, phrasing, ornament realization, or pedal technique.

In a sentence

Play softly, one level above pianissimo.

Piano is the basic soft dynamic. It normally remains in force until a new level or gradual change appears.

Compare p directly with pp, mp, and f. Its meaning is relational: a convincing p leaves room to become both softer and louder later.